Different Long-term Effects
Complications usually occur during treatment cycles, but there may also be long-term effects that may vary according to the type of treatment and cancer type.
Fatigue refers to a feeling of being physically, emotionally, or mentally worn out. The most common side effect of cancer treatment is fatigue. A person may continue to feel fatigued months or years after finishing cancer treatment.
It is often necessary to remove the lymph nodes when lung cancer has spread to the lymph nodes. In turn, this can lead to lymphedema, an overaccumulation of lymphatic fluid that causes pain and swelling (most commonly in the hands and feet). Side effects following surgery vary based on the type of cancer and the site of surgery. Some cancer survivors have lost part or all of a limb as a result of bone and soft-tissue cancers. Examples include phantom limb pain.
Heart problems can also be caused by radiation therapy. High blood pressure (HBP) is a potential side effect of some cancer therapies. Those with HBP should consult their healthcare professional to lower the risk. The long-term effects are unknown. Thinning bones may be the result of chemotherapy, steroid medications, or hormonal therapy. Immunotherapy may cause joint and muscle problems.
Patients who have undergone radiation therapy or surgery to remove lymph nodes may experience infertility. Chemotherapy and radiation treatment can have long-term effects on the nervous system, as well as an increased risk of lung injury. Patients who have undergone cancer treatment should receive regular check-ups.
Effects of Cancer Treatment on Endocrine Function
Cancer treatment may have an adverse effect on the endocrine system. A regular blood test is necessary for patients at risk of hormonal changes due to cancer treatment. After the surgical removal of a woman’s ovaries due to cancer, the area of the pelvis may be treated with chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and radiation therapy.
In women who did not experience menopause yet, hormone therapy may lead to irregular menstruation. Others may experience a complete cessation of menstruation. However, for younger women, their periods may return after treatment. The treatment of cancer may cause women to go into menopause earlier than normal.
Other Physical Side Effects
There is a risk that chemotherapy may cause long-term dental issues. Taking steroids can lead to eye problems, including cataracts.
Effects on Cognitive Function and Emotions
In adults and children, chemotherapy and radiotherapy around the head and other parts of the body can result in cognitive problems. People with cancer often experience a variety of emotions. Cancer survivors, caregivers, family members, and friends may also suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder.